Ancient Egyptians used rushlights, made by soaking reeds in tallow or animal fat. These torches did not have wicks, but are most likely the origin of candles.
Early Romans also used tallow. They developed the wick candle, using it to aid travelers, lighting homes and places of worship at night.
In the Middle Ages beeswax candles were introduced. Unlike tallow candles, beeswax candles had a pleasant odor and burned with a clean flame. They were only used by churches and wealthy households due to their high cost.
American Colonists introduced bayberry candles. Producing these candles was a tedious task with 15 lbs of bayberries boiled yielding only 1 lb. of wax. Their unique smell made bayberry candles a popular tradition during the holiday season. This tradition lives on today.
In the late 18th century the first historically noted standard candles were developed as a result of the whaling industry. Whale fatty acids were used to make candles which smelled clean and the hard wax did not soften or bend in hot temperatures.
Contemporary candle making began during the Industrial Revolution. The discovery of petroleum led to the development of paraffin wax. Paraffin wax is a by- product of oil. Paraffin wax burns clean, has no unpleasant odor and is the most economical to produce. It is still widely used today.
Candles are more popular than ever. They are no longer our major source of light, but are symbols of celebration and ceremony, as well as home décor.
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